Final answer:
Transactional and transformational leadership are most effective when combined; the former focuses on rewards and maintaining the status quo, while the latter aims for inspiration, change, and considers individual followers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among various theories of leadership, transactional leadership and transformational leadership are recognized as being most effective when combined. Transactional leadership, as described by Bass (1985), focuses on supervision and achieving organizational goals through a system of rewards and punishments, maintaining the status quo. Transformational leadership, on the other hand, includes individuals who are charismatic, inspirational, intellectually stimulating, and considerate, striving for organizational change.
Research has shown that transformational leadership is more effective than transactional, yet most leaders display characteristics of both styles. This synergy allows a leader to both manage day-to-day operations effectively and inspire followers towards long-term visions and change. The effectiveness of these styles can change dependent upon different situations in areas like the workplace, educational settings, or even sports teams.