Final answer:
The term for the cartilage that provides structural support to the trachea and bronchi is 'Tracheal rings.' These C-shaped hyaline cartilage pieces keep the airways open during breathing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is supported by 16 to 20 stacked, C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage. These ring-like structures prevent the trachea from collapsing and maintain an open airway for the passage of air. Similar cartilaginous rings are also found in the bronchi, providing the same support and structural integrity.
These rings are essential for breathing, as they ensure the trachea and bronchi remain open during inhalation and exhalation. The tracheal rings are connected by dense connective tissue and the fibroelastic membrane, allowing some flexibility, which is critical during the breathing process. Additionally, the trachea is lined with a mucous membrane that traps debris and pathogens, ensuring the air that reaches the lungs is as clean as possible.