Hello there!
Prime numbers have 2 factors and composite numbers have 3 or more factors.
17 is prime because it has only 2 factors: 1 and itself.
54 is composite because it has more than 3 factors.
77 is composite because it has more than 3 factors.
23 is prime because it has only 2 factors.
Hope this helps you!
~Just a joyful teen