Question

A student nurse is reading about the mode of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The NSAID drug decreases the level of a chemical that is known to increase pain sensitivity. With which chemical does the NSAID react?

1.Renin
2. Serotonin
3. Prostaglandin
4. Diclofenac sodium

Answer 1

NSAIDs, such as diclofenac sodium, reduce the production of prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, thus relieving pain and inflammation. However, their long-term use can cause serious side effects.

Step-by-step explanation:

Mode of Action of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used medications that address several issues such as pain, fever, and inflammation. The specific chemical with which NSAIDs, including diclofenac sodium, react to exert their effects is called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that play a role in increasing pain sensitivity, promoting inflammation, and regulating body temperature. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1 and COX-2), which are key in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. By blocking this conversion, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, thus relieving pain, reducing fever, and in higher doses, decreasing inflammation.

However, long-term or excessive use of NSAIDs can lead to side effects such as gastrointestinal ulcers, increased risk of heart attack, and kidney disease. Therefore, it is crucial to use them under medical supervision, especially when used regularly for chronic conditions.