Final answer:
The statement is true; individuals at ultra-high risk for schizophrenia generally have better cognitive function than those experiencing first-episode psychosis. The severity of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia tends to increase with disease onset and progression, influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for schizophrenia perform significantly better on tests of cognitive function than individuals experiencing their first-episode of psychosis is generally true. Studies indicate that cognitive deficits become more pronounced as an individual transitions from being at UHR to having a full-blown psychotic episode.
The cognitive functions of UHR individuals may be relatively better preserved than those of individuals with first-episode psychosis. While cognitive impairments are a core feature of schizophrenia, their severity can increase with the onset and progression of the illness.
For example, a study by Buchsbaum et al. indicated differences in the glucose metabolic rate during cognitive tasks between schizophrenics and normal individuals, suggesting that cognitive functions are affected by the disorder.
Furthermore, research indicates that a range of risk factors, including both genetic predispositions and environmental stresses, may contribute to the development of schizophrenia, as shown in studies by Tienari et al. and others. The severity and timing of these factors likely play a role in cognitive outcomes. It is important to note the variability in the cognitive performance among individuals at UHR and those with first-episode psychosis, as some individuals may perform similarly or have differing cognitive profiles.