Final answer:
Security controls are the measures used to protect information systems from unauthorized access and various cyber threats, including the use of strong passwords, two-factor authentication, and encryption.
Step-by-step explanation:
The policies, procedures, and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or physical damage to information systems are referred to as security controls. Security controls encompass a variety of safeguards, including but not limited to the implementation of strong passwords, the use of two-factor authentication, encryption of data, physical security measures, and employee training to avoid security breaches. They are essential to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information systems, and are critical in the defense against various types of cyber threats.