Final answer:
Correct statements about hot spots include that they arise from plumes of hot mantle rock, there are varied opinions on their origins, they cause mantle material to cool and mix with magma, and they generate significant volcanism. The incorrect statement is that all hot-spot eruptions occur at plate boundaries; they can occur within plates as well.
Step-by-step explanation:
Correct statements about hot spots include:
a. According to the plume model, hot spots arise from the base of the mantle as plumes of very hot mantle rock. (True)
b. There are divergent opinions among geologists concerning the origins of hot spots. (True)
c. A body of mantle material cools as it rises to the surface, mixing with basaltic magma. (True)
d. Massive amounts of volcanism are generated due to transfer of heat with surrounding rock. (True)
e. All hot-spot eruptions occur at tectonic plate boundaries. (False - hot spots can occur away from plate boundaries)
Hot spots can be located within tectonic plates and far away from plate boundaries. They are marked by a chain of volcanoes and increased volcanic activity due to the rising plumes of exceptionally hot mantle material. These hot spots can give rise to volcanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, and can also affect continental regions, exemplified by the Yellowstone hotspot.