Final answer:
Ilayda's assumption about her professors' leisure activities due to her stereotypes is an example of stereotyping and illustrates the impact of reference groups and in-group/out-group dynamics in sociology.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ilayda's assumption that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, rather than playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park, exemplifies a common phenomenon in the sociological study of groups known as stereotyping.
This type of assumption is based on her reference group's perceived behavior, which influences her expectations of different social groups and categories, including her professors. It's important to note that in reality, professors, like all individuals, have diverse interests that may defy such stereotypes.
Furthermore, her assumption reflects how individuals can categorize others into in-groups and out-groups based on activities and interests, which can impact how they interact with and perceive those individuals.