Question

indigo is the dye used in coloring blue jeans. the term navy blue is derived from the use of indigo to dye british naval uniforms in the eighteenth century. the structure of the indigo molecule is c n h h o c c c c c c h h h c o c h h c c c c c c h h h c n a. how many s bonds and p bonds exist in the molecule?

Answer 1

(a)σ bonds: 23

π bonds: 10

Total bonds: 33

(b)Hybridization = (number of σ bonds + 1) / 2 .

here are the answers to the questions about the indigo molecule:

(a) How many sigma (σ) bonds and pi (π) bonds exist in the molecule?

There are 10 σ bonds and 4 π bonds in the indigo molecule.

σ bonds are formed by the end-to-end overlap of orbitals. They are strong, non-directional bonds that typically exist between atoms of the same electronegativity.

π bonds are formed by the sideways overlap of orbitals. They are weaker, more directional bonds that typically exist between atoms of different electronegativity.

(b) What hybrid orbitals are used by the carbon atoms in the indigo molecule

The carbon atoms in the indigo molecule use sp2 hybrid orbitals. Sp2 hybrid orbitals are formed by mixing one s orbital and two p orbitals.