Final answer:
The incorrect statement is that acid-base extractions require a significant difference in solubility between the organic compound and its conjugate salt, while the addition of acid to extract a basic organic compound as ammonium ions is correct. Solubility and the strength of acids and bases are distinct concepts, important to understand in the context of extractions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acid-base extractions often exploit the difference in acid-base properties rather than solubility differences. To extract a basic organic compound, the addition of acid to form water-soluble ammonium ions, which will partition into the aqueous phase, is a correct statement.
In the context of acid-base extractions, solubility and the strength of acids and bases are related but distinct concepts.
It is important to understand that salts of weak acids or bases may increase in solubility in the presence of acids or bases due to the formation of the conjugate acid or base. Salts from strong acids or bases typically do not affect pH, and their solubility is less influenced by the pH of the solution.