Final answer:
Resistance exercises such as weightlifting and bodyweight exercises lead to increased muscular strength and muscle hypertrophy by engaging fast glycolytic fibers and promoting the buildup of structural proteins within the muscles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of exercise that increases muscular strength and promotes hypertrophy is known as resistance exercise. Resistance exercises involve movements that are high in intensity but short in duration, using fast glycolytic (FG) fibers to produce powerful muscle contractions. These activities lead to the enlargement of muscles by increasing the formation of myofibrils and adding structural proteins to muscle fibers. Common resistance exercises include weight training and bodyweight exercises like push-ups. Muscle hypertrophy is exemplified by the large skeletal muscles seen in bodybuilders and is achieved through a routine that includes resistance training. This type of exercise not only improves muscle mass and strength but also enhances bone density and overall power.