Final answer:
The Organizational Chart is the key document that shows the hierarchy and relationships between departments and positions within a business, acting as a visual guide to a company's structure and the chain of command.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that best helps everyone see the precise hierarchy and relationships between all departments and employee positions in a business is a) Organizational Chart.
An Organizational Chart is a visual representation of a company's structure and shows the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions. The chart facilitates understanding the hierarchy of authority, which refers to the chain of command within the company. For instance, in a retail chain like Walmart, an employee takes instructions from a shift manager, who reports to the store manager, escalating up to the CEO who is accountable to the board members and stockholders.
Understanding the organizational chart is critical for a new employee to increase your company knowledge and to know to whom they should report or where to seek answers. It also helps set specific and measurable goals throughout the first year on the job, which is vital for excelling in a role and building positive workplace relationships. These charts are not exclusive to private enterprises but are also found in public and nonprofit sectors, aligning with Max Weber's characterization of bureaucracies, which include a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor.