Question

Foster (1976) identified two distinct categories of healers cross-culturally. Of the following characteristics, which are congruent with the healing practices of naturalistic practitioners? (Select all that apply.)

a. Illness is impersonal and is due to biological forces.
b. Illness is caused by alterations in the body equilibrium.
c. Sorcerers can cause health and illness.
d. Human relationships should be emphasized.
e. Healing modalities include herbs, massage, and surgery.

Answer 1

Naturalistic healers focus on biological and impersonal causes of illnesses and use treatments like herbs, massage, and surgery.

Step-by-step explanation:

Foster (1976) described two main types of healers in different cultures. When considering the characteristics congruent with practices of naturalistic practitioners, these would include: Illness is impersonal and is due to biological forces; Illness is caused by alterations in the body equilibrium; and Healing modalities include herbs, massage, and surgery. These features are indicative of a naturalistic approach which focuses on natural explanations for illness and utilises methods such as herbs and surgery that are rooted in the physical realm rather than the supernatural.