Final answer:
The medial reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts originate from the ventral horns of the cervical spinal cord and are involved in controlling the trunk and proximal limb muscles, while corticospinal tracts are responsible for voluntary movement of muscles.
Therefore, the correct answer is: option c) medial reticulospinal tracts and rubrospinal tracts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lower motor neurons of the medial reticulospinal tracts and the rubrospinal tracts originate in the ventral horns of the cervical spinal cord. The medial reticulospinal tract is involved in controlling the axial muscles related to posture and locomotion and it influences muscles of the trunk and proximal limbs.
The rubrospinal tract, which also begins in the ventral horn, facilitates flexor muscles and inhibits extensor muscles, contributing to motor control of the limbs.
These tracts are distinct from the corticospinal tracts which play a key role in voluntary muscle movement. The anterior corticospinal tract controls muscles of the trunk, and the lateral corticospinal tract is responsible for movement of the appendicular muscles, including those of the arms and legs.
While the corticospinal tracts originate from the cerebral cortex, the reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts begin in the brainstem and red nucleus, respectively. Lower motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and project to the skeletal muscle in the periphery.