Final answer:
The step in the decision-making process in which managers analyze underlying causal factors associated with the decision situation is Intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The step in the decision-making process in which managers analyze underlying causal factors associated with the decision situation is b) Intelligence.
During the Intelligence step, managers gather and analyze relevant information to understand the causes and factors influencing the decision situation. This involves conducting research, collecting data, and identifying patterns or trends that may impact the decision.
For example, if a manager is deciding whether to launch a new product, they may analyze market research data, consumer preferences, competitive analysis, and economic trends to understand the underlying factors affecting the potential success of the product.