Final answer:
Validity refers to how accurately and precisely a measure assesses an attribute, ensuring it measures what it is intended to measure. It is crucial for the credibility of data and is different from reliability, which indicates consistency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to how accurately and precisely a measure assesses an attribute. The correct answer is b. Validity, which is defined as the extent to which a tool or instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. In other words, validity is concerned with the measurement's accuracy - whether it measures the correct attribute - and its relevance to the topic of the study. This is different from reliability, which refers to the consistency of a measurement over time and across various conditions. While reliability is important, a reliable measure does not automatically equate to validity. Researchers aim to use methods and instruments that offer both high reliability and high validity to ensure the credibility of their data.