Final answer:
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from cattle to humans, and the government regulates it due to the health risk it poses. It is difficult to diagnose but can be treated with specific antibiotics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans, which is caused by facultative intracellular bacteria found in cattle and other animals. It can be transmitted to humans through the consumption of contaminated milk or meat from infected cows, as well as through inhalation or direct contact with infected animals. Given that it poses a health risk to the public, the government highly regulates it to prevent its spread, both in animals and to humans.
The bacteria responsible for brucellosis are challenging to diagnose through cultivation, as they are only reliably detected in the blood during the acute fever stage. The handling and testing of this pathogen require strict laboratory conditions due to its classification as a BSL-3 (Biosafety Level 3) pathogen. Serodiagnosis is most commonly performed using agglutination tests and ELISA. Treatment for human infection generally includes antibiotics such as doxycycline or ciprofloxacin in combination with rifampin, with gentamicin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as effective alternatives.