Final answer:
The document that identifies the materials needed to create finished goods is the Bill of Materials (BOM). It is a crucial inventory document for the manufacturing process, listing all components and quantities required.
Step-by-step explanation:
The list of materials needed to produce one or more units of a finished good is known as the Bill of Materials (BOM). This document is essential in manufacturing as it provides a comprehensive inventory of raw materials, sub-assemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts, and the quantities of each needed to manufacture a product. The BOM is used by various departments within an organization, such as procurement, engineering, and production, to ensure that all necessary components are available for the production process. Routing, on the other hand, details the process or steps required to make the product, while a Bill of Components could be a less formal or detailed version of a BOM. Having a well-organized Bill of Materials helps answer important production questions such as what goods will be produced, how they will be produced, and for whom they will be produced.