Final answer:
Patients taking an MAOI like phenelzine should avoid tyramine-rich foods to prevent high blood pressure crises, as MAOIs inhibit the breakdown of neurotransmitters which can be affected by dietary tyramine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as phenelzine should avoid consuming food containing tyramine. MAOIs like phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine work by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. This process helps to alleviate symptoms of depression. However, one of the major risks associated with MAOIs is the potential for high blood pressure crises when foods high in tyramine are ingested. Examples of foods rich in tyramine include aged cheeses, cured meats, and fermented products. This is why it's crucial for patients on MAOIs to follow a strict diet avoiding these substances.