Final answer:
Lawrence Kohlberg's work is pivotal for those interested in moral development, offering a theory that outlines three levels of moral progression, while Carol Gilligan provides insight into possible gender differences in moral reasoning. Option 4
Step-by-step explanation:
A nurse looking to apply a theory related to moral development should delve into the works of Lawrence Kohlberg. Kohlberg's theory is a significant framework in understanding how individuals develop their sense of right and wrong across different stages of life.
Kohlberg identified three levels of moral development: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional, outlining a progression from a focus on self-interest and avoidance of punishment to an understanding of societal rules and eventually to an abstract conception of morality that may transcend legalities.
Carol Gilligan, a collaborator of Kohlberg, later criticized his theory for a potential gender bias, prompting her to develop her own perspective on moral development and gender. She introduced the concept of a 'care and responsibility perspective,' which she argued is more prevalent in females, while males may more often exhibit a 'justice perspective,' underscoring the importance of rules and laws. Option 4