Final answer:
Option (c) 'Use consensus decision-making' is not one of the rules of kaizen. The three rules of kaizen are to seek continuous improvement, standardize tasks, and eliminate waste.
Step-by-step explanation:
In relation to kaizen, option (c) 'Use consensus decision-making' is not one of the rules of kaizen. The three main rules of kaizen are (a) Seek continuous improvement, (b) Standardize tasks, and (d) Eliminate waste. Kaizen is a philosophy that focuses on the continuous improvement of processes in manufacturing, engineering, and business management. While consensus decision-making can be a valuable aspect of collaborative environments, it is not one of the foundational rules of the kaizen methodology.
Instead, kaizen emphasizes the ongoing pursuit of improvement through small, incremental changes and emphasizes the importance of standardization to ensure consistency and efficiency. The aim to eliminate waste in all forms (defects, overproduction, unnecessary motion, etc.) is also central to kaizen, as it contributes to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of processes.
With reference to collective decision-making, there is an acknowledged bias toward (a) the status quo, meaning that groups might prefer to maintain existing conditions or practices rather than adopting new ones, which can be challenging or disruptive.