Final answer:
The success and failure of an organization are mostly driven by its stakeholders because they have diverse influence over the firm's direction, including its employees, customers, and investors. Expressive leadership is exemplified by those who maintain morale and group cohesion, a role well-suited to the director of a summer camp for chronically ill children.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individuals most responsible for the success and failure of an organization can arguably be D) Stakeholders. While strategists, financial planners, personnel directors, and human resource managers all have significant roles within a company, it is the broader group of stakeholders which includes all these roles plus any others who have interest or stake in the organization that ultimately drives its success or failure. Stakeholders encompass everyone from employees, customers, suppliers, to investors and shareholders, and their collective impact on a firm is profound. Whether it's through providing financial capital, strategic direction, or operational expertise, stakeholders have the power to steer an organization towards profitability or distress.
Regarding the expressive leader, the definition of an expressive leadership is someone who maintains morale and ensures group cohesion. In that context, c. The director of a summer camp for chronically ill children is likely to be an expressive leader due to the emotionally supportive environment that such a role requires. This leader would likely prioritize the wellbeing and emotional state of the campers, a key component of expressive leadership.