Final answer:
Increased hierarchy is not a force affecting the transition from the old to the new workplace. Modern organizations are moving towards flatter structures and team-based approaches, influenced by globalization, changes in industries, and shifts in employee expectations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, the one that is not a force affecting the transition from the old workplace to the new workplace is c) Increased hierarchy. The trend in modern workplaces is moving towards flatter organizational structures rather than increased hierarchy. This trend supports the use of work teams that bring diverse skills and expertise, as opposed to the traditional hierarchical model that relies on a command-and-control leadership style.
The shift from manufacturing to service industries, globalization, and changes in employee expectations are all significant factors driving changes in the workplace. For example, globalization and increased competition from foreign producers have forced companies to adapt by becoming more efficient and innovative. Additionally, changes in employee expectations, such as the desire for work-life balance and meaningful work, have influenced organizations to reconsider their management practices and workplace cultures. Meanwhile, a reduced desire for unions is seen because of the workplace protection laws now in place, signaling a change in the traditional structures of workforce management.