Final answer:
Efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's goal, measuring the effectiveness of input energy. It can be improved by optimizing processes and reducing waste.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d) Efficiency. Efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's goals. It is a measure of the effectiveness of the input of energy to do work, where useful energy or work is divided by the total input of energy. To illustrate, let's consider an example where a manufacturing company wants to reduce waste and utilize resources effectively. By implementing more efficient processes, such as optimizing production line layouts or using energy-efficient machinery, the company can produce more products using the same amount of resources.