Question

Which of the following is NOT true of learned helplessness and outer-directedness?

a) Learned helplessness can result in passivity and lack of initiative.
b) Outer-directedness is characterized by excessive self-reliance.
c) Both concepts can impact the development of independence in students.
d) Learned helplessness may contribute to a sense of powerlessness.

Answer 1

Learned helplessness can result in passivity and lack of initiative, while outer-directedness is characterized by excessive self-reliance. Both concepts can impact the development of independence in students, with learned helplessness contributing to a sense of powerlessness.

Step-by-step explanation:

Learned helplessness is a psychological concept that refers to the belief that one is powerless to change or control a situation. It can result in passivity, lack of initiative, and a sense of powerlessness. On the other hand, outer-directedness is characterized by excessive self-reliance, where individuals believe that they have control over their outcomes and rely less on external sources. Both concepts can impact the development of independence in students, as learned helplessness may hinder their initiative and outer-directedness may hinder their ability to seek help or support.