Final answer:
White firefighters in Boston charging discrimination due to hiring minorities with lower scores exemplify 'reverse discrimination,' which can arise from affirmative action policies intended to correct historical injustices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The situation described where white firefighters in Boston claim that minorities with lower than minimum required test scores were hired, and they assert this as an act of discrimination against them, is generally referred to as reverse discrimination. This occurs when actions intended to rectify past discrimination against a historically disadvantaged group end up discriminating against a group that is not typically thought of as disadvantaged. In the context of legal action, the Boston firefighters could argue they are facing reverse discrimination due to affirmative action policies that aim to enhance diversity and address past discrimination.