Final answer:
Impulse is correctly described as the change in momentum of an object when a force is applied for a certain time interval. It is also the product of mass and velocity, and force is a vector quantity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that correctly describes the relationship between impulse and other physical quantities is: b) Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.
Impulse (often denoted as J) can be understood as the product of a force applied to an object and the time interval over which the force is applied. This is mathematically expressed as J = F × Δt, where F is the force and Δt is the change in time. If we consider Newton's second law, which states that force is equal to the rate of change of momentum (F = Δp/Δt), we can see that multiplying both sides of this equation by Δt would result in J = Δp, confirming that impulse is indeed equal to the change in momentum.
Additionally, it is important to understand that momentum is the product of mass and velocity (p = m × v), and not the sum as suggested in some of the options. Force, as mentioned in the provided information, is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.