Final answer:
Tonic-clonic seizures have three phases: pre-ictal, ictal, and post-ictal, characterized by different symptoms and behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, have three main phases: pre-ictal, ictal, and post-ictal. The pre-ictal phase is the period before the seizure, characterized by warning signs or symptoms called an aura. The ictal phase is the active seizure phase, consisting of the tonic phase and the clonic phase. The tonic phase involves excessive muscle stiffness, while the clonic phase involves rhythmic juking movements. Lastly, the post-ictal phase occurs after the seizure, during which the person may feel confused, tired, or have difficulty speaking.