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What are two examples of input management actions (measures)?

a) Zoning restrictions, Quotas
b) Stakeholder engagement, Outreach programs
c) Monitoring, Evaluation
d) Technology development, Infrastructure investment

User Jomo
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Final answer:

Input management actions refer to strategies managing resource use; however, the examples provided are more accurately described within market-oriented environmental policies, like pollution charges and marketable permits, rather than direct input management actions.

Step-by-step explanation:

Examples of input management actions (measures), which are strategies used to manage the use or input of resources in an environmental context, can vary widely. However, based on the context provided, it seems that the question might be slightly misaligned with the provided information regarding market-oriented environmental policies. Instead, if we were to discuss examples of market-oriented environmental tools related to environmental policy, we would refer to instances like pollution charges, marketable permits, and the establishment of well-defined property rights, which are mechanisms allowing for the internalization of negative externalities associated with environmental degradation.

Zoning restrictions and quotas, from the options provided, are more aligned with command-and-control strategies rather than market-oriented actions. Command-and-control regulations typically involve direct regulatory measures such as setting limits or requiring specific technologies be adopted, rather than providing economic incentives or market-based solutions to address environmental issues.

When considering market-oriented policies, the idea is to provide a market-based incentive for reducing the negative externalities of pollution. Markets and taxes are the classic examples here, where a government might impose a tax on carbon emissions or create a market for permits to pollute, both of which equate the private cost of emitting pollution with its social cost, encouraging firms and individuals to reduce their environmental impact.

User Sreekanth Pothanis
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