Final answer:
The side effects of morphine sulfate are nausea and vomiting, constipation, and sedation. All of these side effects are due to its action as an analgesic and narcotic. The correct answer to the question is d) All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
Morphine sulfate is recognized as both an analgesic (which reduces pain without loss of consciousness) and a narcotic (which can induce drowsiness and loss of consciousness at higher doses). When considering the side effects of morphine sulfate, option d) All of the above is the correct answer, which includes nausea and vomiting, constipation, and sedation. These adverse effects are relatively common and result from morphine's action on the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Other possible side effects of morphine and other prescription opioids could involve dizziness, fatigue, and more severe cases might include symptoms affecting various body systems, such as respiratory or cardiovascular functions. Patients using morphine may also experience tolerance, requiring increased doses for the same level of pain relief, and physical dependence, leading to withdrawal symptoms if the medication is stopped suddenly.