Final answer:
An outcome in marine spatial management is the result of managing marine resources through setting objectives, community involvement, regulation, spatial planning, and EBM approaches, aiming to preserve marine ecosystems and their services.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of a marine spatial management plan, an outcome can be defined as the result or the end effect that arises from the interplay between the various elements of managing a marine area. These elements include setting clear objectives, involving the local community in decision-making, regulating resource extraction, implementing comprehensive spatial planning, and using an Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) approach. For example, in the Comoros Islands, the outcome of giving local resource users a role in marine protected area (MPA) governance was a decision to limit certain types of fishing gear to preserve the ecosystem. Similar approaches have been taken at the Great Barrier Reef and the North Sea, aiming to reduce the cumulative impact of human activities on marine ecosystems to maintain their long-term sustainability.
Achieving successful outcomes also relies on a multidisciplinary approach to research and management, involving conservation biologists, social scientists, and local stakeholders, among others. Effective and sustainable marine spatial management outcomes help ensure that marine ecosystems continue to provide crucial services for human welfare.