Final answer:
Lifetime and scope concern variable management in programming, distinguishing the duration a variable exists and where it can be accessed, with static and dynamic scope referring to whether a variable's access area is fixed by code structure or determined at runtime.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms lifetime, scope, static scope, and dynamic scope are related to variable management in programming. The lifetime of a variable refers to the duration during which the variable exists in memory and thus can be accessed. The scope of a variable defines where in a program a variable can be accessed. Static scope (also known as lexical scope) means that the scope of a variable is determined by the structure of the program code, and does not change at runtime. In contrast, dynamic scope means that the scope of a variable can be determined during the execution of a program, influenced by the sequence of function calls leading up to the variable's access.