Final answer:
The modes of parameter passing are pass-by-value, pass-by-result, pass-by-result-value, and pass-by-reference. There are two conceptual models of transfer: source-driven and sink-driven. Each parameter passing method has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the context and requirements of the program.
Step-by-step explanation:
Modes of parameter passing:
Pass-by-value: In this method, a copy of the value is made and passed to the function. Any changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value.
Pass-by-result: The result of the function is stored in a temporary variable and then passed back to the caller. Changes made to the parameter inside the function are reflected in the final result passed back to the caller.
Pass-by-result-value: This method combines pass-by-value and pass-by-result. The parameter is passed by value initially, and then the result is passed back to the caller.
Pass-by-reference: Rather than passing a copy of the value, the memory address of the parameter is passed. Any changes made to the parameter inside the function directly affect the original value
Conceptual models of transfer:
There are two conceptual models of transfer:
Source-driven: In this model, the source of data initiates the transfer and the target receives it.
Sink-driven: In this model, the target of data initiates the transfer and the source provides it.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Each parameter passing method has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the context and requirements of the program. For example, pass-by-value provides data protection but incurs the overhead of making a copy, while pass-by-reference offers efficiency but can lead to unintentional modifications of data.