Final answer:
The statement regarding labeling theory and juvenile delinquency is false because labeling theory focuses on the impact of societal labels on individuals, while Travis Hirschi's Control Theory addresses the influence of social bonds on delinquency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that delinquency varies according to the strength of a juvenile's bond to the social order, according to labeling theory, is false. Labeling theory suggests that delinquency and deviance are influenced by the labels that society places on individuals, particularly after they have been identified as deviant. This designation of deviant behavior can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy where the individual embraces this new 'master status' and continues to engage in deviant activities.
On the other hand, Travis Hirschi's Control Theory posits that the strength of a juvenile's bond to the social order affects their propensity to delinquency. Hirschi identified four types of social bonds that connect people to society: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. These bonds are important in understanding why some individuals may be less likely to engage in criminal behavior due to their strong connections to society.
Example of Labeling Theory
According to labeling theory, if a convicted sexual offender is released and quickly re-offends, this could be understood as a result of being labeled deviant by society and accepting a new master status (answer a). The individual has been stigmatized and may find it difficult to reintegrate into society, leading to a reinforcement of their criminal identity.
Social Disorganization Theory
According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur in a community where neighbors do not know each other well (answer a). This environment lacks strong social ties and the presence of social control, creating conditions that may foster criminal behavior.