Final answer:
The growth of emerging gangs did not decline by the end of the 1980s; it actually evolved and in some ways increased due to various socioeconomic factors. This statement is false. True statements are that the temperance movement was affected by urbanization and immigration, and the market revolution brought significant changes to the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement "The growth of emerging gangs peaked by the early 1980s and began to decline by the end of the 1980s" is false. Gang activity in the United States evolved through the 1980s and into the 1990s, particularly in urban areas. This period saw an increase in gang-related activities, partly due to economic challenges and the proliferation of crack cocaine. The temperance movement, in contrast, responded to challenges like urbanization and immigration, which is true. The 1980s further witnessed changes in public policy, shifting attitudes toward pro-business and anti-welfare states, which affected urban communities and crime trends.
The market revolution also marked significant social and economic changes in the United States, a statement which is true. Meanwhile, organized crime gained considerable influence during periods like the Prohibition Era with figures such as Al Capone capitalizing on illegal activities. Later, deteriorating economic conditions and political instability contributed to the rise of organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering.