Question

List three specific factors in the physiology of pregnancy that affect the pregnant woman's response to analgesia and anesthesia:

a) Increased blood volume, decreased cardiac output, decreased gastric emptying

b) Increased respiratory rate, increased blood pressure, increased renal function

c) Decreased blood volume, increased cardiac output, increased gastric emptying

d) Decreased respiratory rate, decreased blood pressure, decreased renal function

Answer 1

Three physiological factors in pregnancy that affect the response to analgesia and anesthesia include an increased blood volume, an increase in respiratory rate, and decreased gastric emptying.

Step-by-step explanation:

Factors Affecting Analgesia and Anesthesia in Pregnancy

During pregnancy, several physiological changes occur that may impact a woman's response to analgesia and anesthesia. Three specific factors include:

• Increased blood volume: The blood volume increases by about 30% or 1-2 liters, which can affect the distribution of medications.
• Increase in respiratory rate: To meet the oxygen demands of the fetus, the respiratory minute volume increases, which can alter the uptake and elimination of inhaled anesthetics.
• Decreased gastric emptying: As the uterus enlarges, it presses against the stomach, slowing gastric emptying and increasing the risk of aspiration.

These changes are significant, as they impact how quickly and efficiently drugs are metabolized and cleared from a pregnant woman's body.