Final answer:
The most common orthopedic issue for swimmers is shoulder pain. Swimming is more effective as a treatment for osteoarthritis than for preventing osteoporosis, due to the low-impact nature of the exercise and the joint support provided by water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common orthopedic problem in competitive swimming is shoulder pain. When considering swimming's efficacy, it is more effective as a treatment for osteoarthritis than for preventing osteoporosis. This is because swimming is a low-impact exercise that does not significantly stress bones, which is necessary to help prevent osteoporosis. Whereas, for osteoarthritis, the buoyancy provided by water supports the body, reduces joint stress, and allows for easier movement. Exercise in water can improve joint flexibility and help to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joints, thereby alleviating pain and improving function.