Final answer:
Personal trainers need general knowledge in physiology, sports nutrition, pharmacology, and exercise physiology to effectively support their clients' health and athletic performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Personal trainers need a broad knowledge base to effectively support their clients and athletes. The correct answer to the question of what personal trainers need to have a general knowledge of is E: All of the above. This includes:
- A: Physiology - Understanding how the body functions is crucial for developing effective training programs and for understanding how exercises impact the body.
- B: Sports nutrition - Personal trainers must be knowledgeable about how different foods and fluids can affect an athlete's performance and recovery.
- C: Pharmacology - While not as central as the other areas, a basic understanding of pharmacology can help trainers be aware of the medications their clients may be taking and their potential effects on exercise and health.
- D: Exercise physiology - This field specifically focuses on how the body's structures and functions are altered when exposed to acute and chronic bouts of exercise.
These areas are interrelated, and proficiency in each is important to ensure the overall health and well-being of athletes and clients.