Final answer:
A rapid whole-body movement in response to a stimulus is known as a reflex, controlled by the nervous system for an immediate reaction, as seen in the example of avoiding a collision with a skateboarder.
Step-by-step explanation:
A rapid whole-body movement with a change of direction or velocity in response to a stimulus is known as a reflex. Reflex movements are usually very quick and are controlled by the nervous system. When faced with sudden stimuli, like the skateboarder in the parking lot scenario, the body initiates a reflex action which might include slamming on the brakes and steering to avoid a collision. This response is facilitated by the somatic nervous system and happens without conscious thought, as nerve impulses travel in a reflex arc directly involving the spinal cord, bypassing the brain for a faster response.
Reflexes are vital for immediate reactions to potential threats and are different from other types of movements such as kinesis or taxi, which are more general responses to environmental stimuli. The rapid reflex involved in the scenario of reacting to the skateboarder is an example of how our bodies can respond in the blink of an eye to keep us safe, demonstrating how effectively the nervous system can trigger a motor response to sensory stimuli.