Final answer:
The elbow joint includes anterior muscles like the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis for flexion, and posterior muscles such as the triceps brachii and anconeus for extension. The ulnar collateral ligament provides medial support and can be susceptible to injury from repetitive stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The elbow joint is comprised of both anterior and posterior muscles that are essential for its flexion and extension movements. The anterior muscles include the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis, which primarily function as forearm flexors. These muscles work to bend the elbow, bringing the forearm towards the upper arm. Conversely, the posterior muscles consists of the triceps brachii and anconeus. These are the main extensors of the elbow, allowing for the straightening of the elbow joint. When the biceps contracts, the triceps relaxes, and vice versa, facilitating efficient movement of the elbow.
Additionally, the elbow joint is supported by several ligaments. The ulnar collateral ligament on the medial side helps to stabilize the joint and resist hyperextension, and it can be damaged through repetitive, forceful motions like throwing, leading to injuries that may require surgeries such as Tommy John surgery for repair.