Final answer:
The principle that our bodies adapt based on aerobic or anaerobic training is called the principle of specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID principle).
Step-by-step explanation:
The principle that states that our bodies will physiologically adapt according to whether we are training aerobically or anaerobically is known as the principle of specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID principle).
When we engage in aerobic exercise, such as jogging or swimming, our bodies adapt by improving cardiovascular efficiency and increasing the endurance of our muscles. This is because aerobic exercise primarily relies on the aerobic energy-generating process, which uses oxygen to meet energy demands.
In contrast, anaerobic exercise, such as weightlifting or sprinting, leads to different adaptations. Anaerobic exercise uses a higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers and does not depend as much on oxygen for energy. This type of exercise helps build muscle strength and power.