Final answer:
TDN, CP, Ca, and P ranges for cows and heifers generally fall within 50-65%, 7-18%, 0.2-0.45%, and 0.2-0.4% of the diet, respectively, with variations based on production stages and other factors. Accurate supplementation requires regular feed analysis and consulting with a nutritionist.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ranges for total digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in cows and heifers vary depending on factors such as the animal's stage of production, body weight, and milk production levels. However, general ranges that can be used as guidelines are as follows:
- TDN: 50-65% of the diet depending on the production stage.
- CP: 12-18% of the diet for lactating cows; 7-12% for non-lactating cows.
- Ca: 0.3-0.45% of the diet for lactating cows; 0.2-0.3% for dry cows and heifers.
- P: 0.2-0.4% of the diet for all animals, though requirements may be higher during lactation or growth.
It's important to note that these ranges are merely guidelines Hey should be adjusted based on individual herd needs and circumstances. Regular feed analysis and consultation with a nutritionist are recommended to ensure that your herd's nutritional requirements are met for optimal health and production.