Final answer:
Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins. Loci are the positions on chromosomes where genes are located. Alleles are different versions of a gene that produce trait variations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genes: Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, which determine an organism's traits.
Loci: Loci are specific positions on a chromosome where a particular gene is located.
Alleles: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can produce variations in a trait.
Genome: A genome is the complete set of genetic material or DNA present in an organism.
Genotype: Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles it possesses.
Phenotype: Phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, resulting from its genotype.
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Traits: Qualitative traits are those that have distinct categories or variations, while quantitative traits exhibit continuous variation.
Breeding Objective: Breeding objective is the goal or target traits that breeders aim to improve or select for in a population.
Heritability: Heritability is a measure of the proportion of variation in a trait that is due to genetics.