Final answer:
Management science theory is the management theory that uses quantitative techniques to optimize the use of organizational resources, with the evolution of management theories ranging from Taylor's scientific management to McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management theory that focuses on the use of quantitative techniques to assist managers in making the best use of organizational resources is known as management science theory. This approach applies mathematical and statistical methods to solve management problems, particularly in decision-making processes where resources need to be allocated efficiently. The main goal is to optimize outcomes by employing these rigorous techniques to analyze data and make evidenced-based decisions.
Hailed from the industrial revolution, the development of management theories have come a long way. Fredrick Winslow Taylor, one of the pioneers, introduced the idea of improving economic efficiency through the optimization of labor productivity. This was partly achieved by breaking down manufacturing tasks into short, repetitive segments, an approach known as "stop-watch management." However, this emphasis on efficiency sometimes overlooked the well-being of workers.
Later theories like McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y offered different perspectives on management, with Theory X aligning more with Taylor's views by viewing employees as naturally indolent, needing close supervision, while Theory Y posited that employees are self-motivated and seek fulfillment from their work, thus requiring less stringent control. Current management theories continue to evolve, integrating aspects of technology, psychology, and sociology to improve organizational effectiveness.