Final answer:
Organizational behavior is the field that studies various factors affecting individual and group responses within organizations and encompasses areas such as management styles,
job satisfaction, and organizational culture, with the Hawthorne studies playing a significant role in its development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organizational behavior is the study of the factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations.
It encompasses various aspects such as management styles, leadership behavior, job satisfaction, and organizational culture.
Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y are examples of different management approaches studied within this field.
The Hawthorne studies contributed significantly to the development of organizational psychology by highlighting the impact of social factors and management practices on worker productivity, known as the Hawthorne effect.
In organizational psychology, researchers measure job satisfaction to understand the degree of pleasure employees derive from their work.
This focus on job satisfaction is part of organizational psychology, one of the major branches of industrial and organizational psychology.
Recognizing the importance of social interactions and their effects on both the individual and the organization's functioning is central to this field.