Final answer:
Job specialization is the process that occurs when workers gain expertise over time by focusing on a specific set of tasks, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process by which division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks over time is known as job specialization. Through job specialization, employees concentrate on a narrow aspect of production, which leads to greater efficiency and productivity compared to workers who perform a wide range of tasks. Over time, specialized workers often learn to produce more quickly and with higher quality, which can also lead to innovation in methods and processes.