Final answer:
Bureaucracy is a formal organization system designed for efficiency and effectiveness in administration, characterized by hierarchy, job specialization, and explicit rules.
Step-by-step explanation:
“Bureaucracy” refers to a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. It stemmed from the need to coordinate large groups of people within increasing complexities of society, particularly as cities grew and empires formed. An efficient bureaucracy is characterized by hierarchical authority, job specialization, formalized rules, and impersonality, making the individual members less important than the system itself. Sociologists view bureaucracies as an ideal type of formal organization, yet this does not denote the “best” but rather a model that most closely demonstrates the typical characteristics of such a system.