Final answer:
The primary message of contingency theory is that there is no single best way to manage or organize a company, as the most appropriate style depends on various situational factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary message of contingency theory is that there is no one best way to organize. Contingency theory posits that the most appropriate form of organization will depend on the context and situation, which includes variables such as the environment, technology, and the individuals involved.
In contrast to rigid management theories, it focuses on the flexibility and adaptability of the organization to changing circumstances.
For example, whereas Theory X assumes employees are inherently lazy and must be controlled and directed by management, Theory Y posits that employees are inherently motivated to work and seek satisfaction in their jobs, capable of self-direction.
Decisions in a Theory Y organization are more collaborative and inclusive, allowing for creative solutions. By focusing on the specific context, contingency theory would evaluate whether a Theory X or Theory Y approach (or a different approach altogether) would be most effective given the specific variables at play.
Other management approaches like administrative management theory and behavioral management theory, focus on more static principles of organization rather than the situational adaptability that contingency theory offers.
Therefore the correct answer is C. contingency theory.