Final answer:
An organization can increase its effectiveness through strategies like outsourcing, self-managed teams, extensive training, restructuring, and empowerment. Training is shown to be particularly effective, while the success of outsourcing and team structures may vary depending on economic and globalization factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The discussion of IBM in the text demonstrates that an organization can become more effective by using several strategies, including outsourcing, self-managed teams, extensive training, restructuring, and empowerment.
These strategies address different aspects of organizational effectiveness, such as managing costs, leveraging skills and expertise, enhancing employee capabilities, optimizing organizational structure, and increasing employee agency in decision-making.
The 2003 study by Arthur et al. shows that training is particularly effective in enhancing performance, as measured by immediate responses, learning outcomes, job activities, productivity, and profits.
Meanwhile, the text acknowledges the varying effectiveness of team structures and the economic drivers behind trends like outsourcing and offshoring, suggesting that their success is influenced by factors such as globalization and the need for cost savings.