Final answer:
When an organization removes a layer of middle managers, this is known as restructuring, which involves significant changes to the company's internal structure often aimed at reducing costs and improving efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an organization removes a layer of middle managers from the organization's structure, restructuring has occurred. This is a part of organizational change where the company makes significant alterations to its internal structure, often to reduce costs, improve efficiency, or adapt to the external market.
This process may involve downsizing, which is laying off a significant percentage of the company's employees, but can also include changes to the way work is distributed or managed within the company.
The term polarization refers to the practice where the differences between low-end and high-end jobs become greater, and the number of people in the middle levels decreases.
However, restructuring is a more accurate term to describe the scenario presented in the student's question, as it involves organizational changes that directly affect the structure and staffing within the company. Polarization is more concerned with the broader socio-economic trends within the job market.
Therefore the correct answer is B. restructuring.